Shoe and shank piece and method of making shoes



June 13, 1933. F. c. AYLING 1,913,424

SHOE AND SHANK PIECE AND METHOD OF MAKING SHOES Filed Jan. 9, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 13, 1933. AYUNG 1,913,424

SHOE AND SHANK PIECE AND METHOD OF MAKING SHOES Filed Jan. 9, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented June 13, 1933 1 UNITED STATES PATIENT OFFICE i FRED RICK o. ,AYLING, or SYRACUSE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR f'ro UNITED SHOE MACHINERY coneomvrrolv, or PATERSON, NEW JERSEY; A ooiaroaerxon or NEW JERSEY siioE AND sHANK risen rim) METHOD or MAKING sirens Application filed January 9,1920. Serial No. 419,666.

This invention relates to improved devices foruse in stiliening the shanks and bracing the-heels of shoes and to lmprovements 1n shoes and methods of making the same. The; present application a continuation of my application for Letters Patent, Serial No.

i and reinforced by means of a shank stiffener 335,569, filed January 29, 1929 as to all subject-matterthat-is common to, the two applications. The invention is herein illustrated with reference to its application to shoes having high wood heels, although in various as pects the invention is useful. also in connection with shoes having other types of heels.

In most shoes the longitudinally arched shank portion of the shoe bottom is supported which usually extendsfrorn thevicinity of the hall line rearwardly to a point located above the heel but which has no direct connection with the heel itself. In womens shoes having high heels such shank stifieners'are ineffective to maintain the desired heightwise tion of the shoe bottom and there is liable to be relative tilting movement lengthwise of the shoe between the heel and sole while the shoe is being worn, with the result that the joint between the heel and sole at the top of the heel breast may open up and the heel become displaced from its proper relation to the shoe.

Moreover, in a shoe having a high heel, thereis liable to be relative movement lengthwise of the shoe between theshank stiffener and the heel with resulting displacement of the stificner and distortion of the shoe.

In view of the foregoing, one object of the present invention is to provide improved means for supporting and reinforcing the shank portion of a shoe, and particularly ofa womans narrow shank and high heel shoe,

[which will also;be capable of use in bracing the heel 111 sucha manner as to insure agalnst any displacement of the heel from its proper position relatively to the shoe and to prevent relative movement between the shank piece and theheel lengthwise of the shoe.

With this object in view,one feature of the invention consists in the provision of a shank piece comprising a longitudinally arched narrow strip of resilient metal adapted to lie angular relation of the heel to the shank por tion of the shoe.

within the space between theopposite poitions of the sewing rib or lasted-over margins of the upper materials along the shank portion of the bottomof a narrow shank shoe,

and having an enlarged rear extremity adapted to fit between thelasted-over margins of theuppermaterials at the heel seat of the shoe, said enlarged portion having a centrally. d sposed circular hole ofa diameter to receive a heeLattaching screw and to fit closely all around the shank portion of the screw to insure rigid connection between the shank piece and a heel attached to the shoe.

For use in welt1 shoes it is often advanta-l trated is of such diameter that the shank of an ordinary wood screw of a size suitable for use in attaching a heel to a shoe will lit snugly within thehole .so that no move-, ment of the shank piece lengthwise of the shoe and no relative tilting of the shank piece and heel will be possible after the screw has been driven into heel-attaching position.

Thus,not only will the screw secure or assist in securing the heel tothe shoe but, since the screw is removably connected with the shank piece, the latter, in conjunction with the screw, will serve as a combined shank stiff-y .ener and heelbrace to preventany tilting of the heel relatively to the shank piece and consequently the heel will be maintained in its properangular relation to the shank por- Invention accordingly is to be recognized as residing inthe combination in a shoe havlng lnner and outer soles, of a comblned shank stiffener and heel brace comprlslng a longi tudinally arched metallic strip and a filler piece, said strip having an enlargedrear portion provided with a hole, and said filler piece having a hole registering with the hole in said strip and having a marginal contour adapted to fit between the upper materials along the opposite margins of the shank portion of the shoe bottom, a heel-attaching fastener extending through and fitting snugly within both said holes rigidly to anchor said strip to the heel of the shoe, and a plurality of heel-attaching nails extending through the shoe bottom and spaced outwardly from the edge of said strip.

The invention further resides in an improvement in methods of making shoes having inner and outer soles which consists in assembling between the soles a shank piece having a hole in its rear portion, positioning a heel upon the shoe, driving'through both soles and through the hole in the shank piece and into the heel a screw of a size to fit tight- 1y within the hole in the shank piece to secure rigidly together the heel, the shank piece, and both soles of the shoe and thus to brace the heel and stiifen the shank portion of the shoe, and drivin a plurality of heel-attaching nails through saidsoles outside of the shank piece.

In employing a wood screw, such as that above referredto, for securing a heel to a shoe, the screw is inserted from the inside of the shoe. Accordingly, in order to insure that the screw will pass through the insole of the shoe at such a location that it will be certain to enter the hole in the shank piece, the shank piece is accurately positioned with its fastener-receiving hole registering with a hole previously formed in the insole and the shank piece is positively maintained in that position throughout all the making operations which take place between the. laying of the shank piece and the final insertion of the heel-attaching screw or fastener. In another aspect therefore the invention further resides in an improvement in methods of making shoes of the type wherein ashank piece extends rearwardly above the heel and has a heel-fastener-receiving hole formed therein which consists in assembling an insole and an upper, boring a hole through the heel portion of the insole, positioning a shank piece against the outer face of the insole with the hole in the shank piece in substantially coaxial relation to the hole in the insole and securing the shank piece to the insole, attaching an outsole and a heel to the shoe, and thereafter passing a fastener through the holes in the insole and shank piece and through the outsole and into the heel to anchor the shank piece and permanently attach the heel to the shoe.

As herein exemplified, a temporary locate ing device in the form of a wooden peg is employed for positioning the shank piece and for maintaining it in position during subsequent shoemaking operations. This wooden peg is inserted through the holes in the shank piece and insole and is removed beherein exemplified in the manufacture of welt shoes, the shoe is made on a last of the type disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,615,258, granted January 25, 1927, upon application of Maurice V. Bresnahan, such a last having a hole extending from the top to the bottom of its heel portion to permit the passage through the last of a drill for boring through the heel seat portion of the shoe and into a heel on the shoe preparatory to the driving of a screw through the shoe bottom and into the heel after the upper materials and the insole have been assembled on the last, and the pulling over, lasting and inseaming operations have been performed in the manner customary in the manufacture of welt shoes, a drill is passed through the hole in the last and operated to bore a hole through the insole in line with the hole in the last. Thereafter, as herein exemplified, the following operations take place; the shank piece is laid against the insole and positioned with its fastenera'eceiving hole in alinement with the hole in the insole by means of a tapered wooden peg which is passed through the hole in the shank piece and into the holes in the insole and last; an outsole is laid and heelseat-fitted; a heel is positioned upon the heel seat and temporarily clamped in place (suitable adhesive having been employed between the heel and the shoe) the drill is again inserted in the hole in the last and is passed downwardly through the insole, shank piece and outsole and into the heel, the drill passing through the previously formed hole in the in sole and the alined hole in the shank piece and operating to drill out the wooden peg and to form holes in the outsole and heel which are in line with each other and also with the holes in the insole and the last. After the adhesive between the heel and the shoe has become set the last is pulled, and. an ordinarywood screw is inserted-from the inside of the shoe, the screw passing through the alined holes in the insole, shank stiffener and outsole and into the hole in the heel and the screw functioning to hold both the heel and the shank piece securely in place and serving, in conjunction with the shank piece, as a heel brace to prevent any tipping of the heel and opening up of the joint between the heel and the sole at the top of the heel breast. The invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an improved shank piece constructed in the present invention w accordance with Fig. 2.is a sectional view taken along the line IIII of Fig. 1 andshowingalso a locatpiece; i i v. a Fig. 3 is a perspectiveview of an alternaa tiveform of ing peg extending throughthe fastener-re ceiving hole in the rear portion ofthe shank shank piece hereinafter described, i

Fig. 4 is asectional V ew taken along the Fig. 5 is a sectional viewtaken along the Fig. ,6 is a sideelevationall view of a shoe mounted on alast,portions ofthe shoe and, last being broken away to disclose the man. ner of positioning the shank piece relatlvely to the insoleof the shoe, 1

Fig. 7 is a view similar to 6 but show ing the shoe as it appears after the outsole has been laid and a heel has been applied and clampedin place by meansof a temporary close therconstruction and'arrangement of the,

shank piece andtheheel-attaching screw; and

wood heel-attaching screw;

Fig... 8 is a side elevatlonal view of the shoe as it appears. after thelasthasbeen removed and the heel permanentlysecured in place, the shoebeing broken-away to dis Fig. 9 is a sectional viewtaken alongthe line IXIXof Fig. 8. 1

Referring first to; Figs. 1 and of the drawings, the shank piece, 10 therein shown consists of a resilient strip of temperedmetal comprisingan elongated narrow portlon 12;

adapted to extend along the shank portion of a shoe, and an enlargedor relatively wide portion 14 adapted to be located above the heel ofthe shoe. The narrow portion112 1s longitudinally a arched to correspond to the longitudinal arch of the shank portion of the last for a shoe in which the shank piece is to be incorporated and this narrow portion of the device is reinforced by means of a lon-, gitudinal stiffening rib 16 which is centrally disposed widthwise ofthe strip and 'proJects from the,longitudinallyconcave or outsoleengaging side of the strip. The width of the elongated narrow portion of the shank piece 10 is such as to adapt it tofit within the narrow space between the portions of the sewing rib or lasted-over upper margins which extend along the opposite sides of the shank portion of insoles for womens nar: row shank shoes. The flat rear portion 14 of the shank piece 10 is provided with a centrally disposed circularhole 18for receiving a screw which, isto function bothias a permanent heel-attaching fastener and as a means for anchoring the shank piece, and

' also, in conjunction with theshank piece itself, as a heel brace tohold the heel against displacementrelatively to the 1 shoe. The

circular hole1 1 8 is made of a diameter to fit outsole-engjaging side of the stifiiener.

closely all the way aroundthe shank. The enlarged portion 14 is wide enough efl'ec tively to brace the 'stiifener against torsional displacement and thus to prevent twisting of the shank portion of the shoefbut not so large as tointerfere with the use ofheel attaching nails in the locations in the heel seat of the shoe in which they are usually driven.

As shown, two tack .holes 20. are provided in r the portion 12 of the shank piece through which-tacks may bedriven, if desired, to se-. cure the shank piece to the insole of the shoe. I In Figs.3, 4 and 5 there is shown an alternative form of. shank piece which is of compositeconstruction comprising a stiffener member and a filler piece 102, the latter being secured to the former by means of tacks 104 which extend through tack holes in the stiffener member 100. The stiffener member 100 is made of tempered metal and is substantially like the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and already described, the member 100 having an enlarged flat rear portion 140, a stiffening rib 160, and a heelfastener-receiving hole 180 of a diameter to fit snugly the shank portion of a heelattaching screw. The filler piece 102 which may be formed of leather, leatherboard, or" other suitable material, is made of aithickness sufficient to fill the space between the soles ofthe'shoe and has a. marginal contour adapted, to fit between the inseamed materials along the opposite marginsof the shank portion of the shoe bottom. As shown in Fig. 5,the filler piece102is transversely curved or molded to provide atrough-like depression 184, co-extensive with the stifiening rib 160, for receiving the latter and to provide a desired transverse convexity at the A hole 182 (Fig. 4) is provided in the rear portion of the filler piece 102, in alinement with the hole 180 in the stiffener member 100, for receiving the heel-attaching screw which is to extend also through the hole, 180 in the stiffener member. The holes. 180 and 182 in the composite shank piece 5 .just described, and the hole 18 in the shank piece 10 shown in Figs. 1 and 2, are also adapted to receive a locating peg or plug, such. as the peg 186 shown in Figs. 2 and 6, the peg 186 being. teme porarily. employed during the process of herein exemplifiedin the manufacture of welt shoes, involves the use of a last'A (Fig.

6) of the type disclosed in Letters Patent N 0. 1,615,258, hereinbefore referred to, such a last having a hole B extending therethrough from its cone to its heel seat surface to permit drilling operations to be performed in the soles and heel of the shoe without removing the last, and also to permit the use of v a screw fastener for temporarily securing tom gether the heel, the shoe, andthe last prior to the permanent attachment of the heel to the shoe.

The operations involved in the practice of the illustrative method will now be described.

m An insole C having been secured to the bottom of the last A (Fig. 6) as by meansof tacks in the customary manner, the upper ma terials D are assemb ed on the last, pulled over and lasted to the insole in the usual way. A hole E is then made through the insole, in alinelnent with the hole B in the last, by means of a suitable tool, such as a drill (not shown) which is passed downwardly through the hole B in the last. A shank piece, herein shown as the shank piece 10, is next laid against the outer face of the insole C with its fastener-receiving hole 18 alined with the hole E in the insole and the hole B in the last, this being accomplished, as herein exemplified, by the use of the locating peg 186 which, for this purpose, is passed through the holes in the shank piece andinsole and projected into the hole in the last. Conveniently, the locating peg 186 may initially be driven through the hole in the shank piece a suflicient distance to cause it to become wedged or frictionally engaged therein be fore the shank piece is laid against the insole, in which case the peg-will serve to position the shank piece with its hole 18 in registry with the holes in the insole and last as well as thereafter to maintain the shank piece in that position. In practice it may be found convenient to assemble the pegs in the holes in the shank pieces before the shank pieces are shipped to the manufacturers who-are to use them in the making of shoes. If desired, however, the shank pieces and the locating pegs may be shipped separately and assemor after the shank piece has been applied to the shoe. If the shank piece is to be laid in place against the insole before the pegis inserted in the hole in the shank piece, the hole i 18 in the shank piece should first be registered approximately with the hole in the insole by the eye of the operator, after which the locating peg 186 may be'driven through the shank piece and into the holes in the insole and last. In any case the peg 186 is finally positioned with its larger end substantially flush with the outer surface of the shank piece, as shown in Fig. 6. On account of the wedged or tapered formation of the peg, the peg will thus be cramped within the hole in the shank bled by the shoe manufacturer either before piece and it will positively hold the shank piece in place with the hole 18 registering with the holes. in the insole and last.

The shank piece having been positioned relatively to the insole and last, as above described, an outsole-F is laid, Dough-trimmed and channeled, stitched to the welt, leveled, and heel-seat-fitted, all in the customary manner, the peg 186 functioning during all these operations positively to maintain. the shank piece in place with its hole 18 in registry with the holes in the insolev and last. The peg 186 is particularly useful during the leveling operation inasmuch. as the peg functions then to prevent any displacement of the soles and the shank piece crosswise of the shoe such as' would otherwise be liable to occur as a result of the action of the pressure roll in leveling machinesof the type commonly used to level the bottoms of welt shoes.

- The shoe isnow ready to have a heel, such as the wood heel G (Figs. 7 and 8), attached thereto. 'After adhesive has been applied to the heel seat of the shoe, or to the seat face of the heel, or to each of these surfaces, the heel G is placed in: position upon the shoe and temporarily clamped thereon by means not herein shown. Any suitable clamping device may be used for this purpose but preferably a device is employed, such as that shown in United States Letters Patent No. 1,722,992, granted August 6, 1929, upon application of r F. E. Bertrand, the machine shown in this patent being adapted also to perform the drilling and certain other operations hereinafter to be described.

After the heel has been temporarily clamped to the shoe a drill (not shown) is passed downwardly through the hole B in the last and operated to drill out the locating peg 186 and to pass downwardly through the hole E in the insole C and through the hole 18 in the shank piece 10 to form a hole H (Figs. 7' and 8) through the outsole F and to bore a hole or socket I in the heel G, the holes H and I being made in coaxial alinement with the holes in the shank piece, insole and last. Upon the removal of the drill from the last a temporary he'el clamping device in the form of an elongated screw J (Fig. 7) is employed, in accordance with the method herein exemplified, the screw J being passed through the hole in the last and downwardly through the holes in the insole,

shank piece and outsole and rotated into holding engagement with the walls of the hole I in the heel. A temporary clampingscrew of this type is diclosed in the Bresnahan Patent No. 1,615,258, already referred to and, as described therein, such a screw serves to hold the heel in place during the setting of the adhesive at the heel seat and ermits the clam ori 'inall em 10 ed for. b

holding the heel to the shoe to be released,

thus enabling the shoe to be passed along ta e- 4 through the shoe factory for the performance of various finishingoperations thereon.

When suflicient time has elapsed for the setting of the adhesive at the heel seat, the

temporary clamping screw J is removed,the

last A is pulled; and a permanent heel-attaching fastening in the form of an ordinary wood screw K (Fig 8) is inserted from the i m inside of the shoe, the screw K passing downhole 18 in the shank piece, the hole Hin the wardly through the hole E in the insole, the

outsoleand into the hole I in the heel. The

screw K is driven or turned until holding engagement is secured with the wood of the heel and the beveled head of the screw has been countersunk in the insole so that the upper surface of the screw head is flush with the inner surface of the ii1sole,as shown in Fig. 8. The usual heel-attaching nails (indi-- cated at L in Figs. 8 and 9) may also be driven through both soles and into the heel, therear portion of the shank piece being so shaped and arranged that it will not interfew with the driving of these nails in the usual locations. V d i Inasmuch asthe shank of the screwK fits snugly within the hole 18 in the shank piece 10, and inasmuch as the shank piecelO, the

soles C andF, and the heel G are all rigidly 1 the heel andtheshank portion of theshoe. 3

is insured throughout the life of the shoe.

Moreover, there can be no relative shifting movement lengthwise of the shoe between the shank piece and the heel and thus the shank piece is permanently securedin such relation lengthwise of the shoe as to maintain the longitudinal arch in the shank portion of the shoe in conformity with the corresponding arch of the last upon which theshoe is made. Thus, by the combined actionof the shank piece 10 and the screw K theshank piece is enabled more effectively tosupport and stiffen the shank portion of the shoe while the screw K is enabled more securely.

to hold the heel in place.

While the shankpiece lOshown Figs.

1 and 2 has been herein described in connection with its application to a welt'sho'e, this particular form of shank piece is well adaptr ed also for use in McKay-sewed shoes or other shoes in which the upper "is directly secured to the tread sole as, for example, shoes in which the tread sole is attached by cement. When used in the manufacture of McKay-sewed shoesit maybe found. desirable to employ, in connection withthe shank piece, a locating peg which is short enough so that it will not projectbeyond substantially theinner surface of the insole; While filler piece is such as to coniormto the conshank of a heel-attaching screw.

such ajpeg will not functionto hold the shank piece and insolein a definite relation to, a

last orfor n during the sole leveling operation such action is not essential in the manufacture of McKay-sewed shoes inasmuch as the pressure applied during the leveling of such shoes is direct pressure and consequent ly there is little, if any, tendency for the shoe bottom as a whole tobe displaced laterally with respect to the last .or form within the snoe. i d a e e Thecomposite shank piece shown in Figs.

8,4 and 5, being provided with a filler mem sagasparticularly adapted for use in welt shoes whereinthe filler piece serves to fill I the space between the soles, thus avoiding the necessity of subsequently applying plastic filler or the like to the shank portion of the shoe, while the marginal outline ofthe tour ofthe portionsofthe sewing rib atthe opposite sides of the shoe. As shown in F ig. 4, the hole 182 in the filler piece 102 may advantageously be made somewhat smaller.

than the hole in the stiffener inemberlOO.

Becauseoi theyielding character ofthe materialof, the filler piece, such a construction will provide for a morefefiective wedging or cramping of the locating peg in the shank piece while still providing for a snug fit be tween the shank of the screw and the edge of the hole in thestiifene r member.

Having described my invention, what I claim-as new and desire to secure by Let ters Patent of the United States, is

nally archednarrow strip ofresilient metal adapted to lie within the space between the lasted-over margins ofthe upper materials along the shank portion of the bottom of a narrow shank shoe, and having an enlarged rear extremity adapted to fit between the lasted-over margins of the upper materials at theheel seat of the shoe, said enlarged portion having a centrally disposed circular 1. A shank piece comprising a longitudr hole of a diameter to receive a heel-attaching screw andto fitclosely all around the shank portion of thescrew to insure rigid connec- "ion between the shank piece and a heel attached to the shoe.

2. A shank piece comprising a strip of tempered metal having a relatively narrow longitudinally J arched portion of uniform width adapted to extend along the shank portion of thebottom of ashoe, and a fiat and relatively wide rear portion adapted to extend above the attaching face of the heel of the shoe, said narrow portion being reinforced by a centrally disposed longitudinal stiffening rib, and said rear portion being shaped to avoid interferenceywith heel-attaching nails and having. a centrally disposed circular hole of a size to receive and have tight fitting engagement with the 3. As an article of manufacture, a shank piece formed with an apertured rear portion and having a removable locating member temporarily secured within the aperture in the shank piece in position for use in locating the shank piece relatively to a hole in the bottom of a shoe.

4. As an article of manufacture, a shank piece having an apertured rear portion adapted to extend above the heel of a shoe and having a tapered locating peg secured in assembled relation therewith prior to the application ofthe shank piece to the shoe, said peg being wedged in the aperture in said rear portion of the shank piece and projecting beyond the insole-engaging side of the shank piece to locate the latter prior to its attachment to the shoe.

5. A composite shank piece comprising a longitudinally arched stiffener strip adapted to extend rearwardly above the attaching face of the heel of a shoe and having a hole in its rear portion for receiving a heel-attaching fastener, and a filler piece secured to the stiffener strip'and having a hole in its rear portion of' smaller diameter than the hole in the stifiener strip, and axially alined with the hole in the stiffener strip.

6. A composite shank piece comprising a longitudinally arched stiffener strip formed with a longitudinal reinforcing rib upon 1ts longitudinally concave side and having a flat enlarged rear portion adapted to extend. above the attaching face of the heel of a shoe, a-nd a filler member coextensive with the stiffener member and secured to the ribbed side thereof, the filler member being transversely concave throughout a portion of its length to receive the rib of the stiffener strip, said stiffener strip and filled piece having registering holes in their rear portions for receiving a heel-attaching fastening.

7. In a shoe having inner and outer soles, a combined shank stiflener and heel brace comprising a longitudinally arched strip having an enlarged and apertured rear portion extending above the attaching face of the heel of the shoe, said enlarged portion being snaped and arranged to avoid interference with heel-attaching nails driven in the usual locations in the heel seat of the shoe, a heelattaching fastening extending through the aperture in said strip and ti htly fitting within said aperture to prevent relative bodily movement between said strip and the heel, and a plurality of heel-attaching nails extending through the bottom of the shoe out side of the stiffener.

8. A shoe having a wooden heel, an innersole and a shank piece both extending along thearch and over the heel, fasteners extending through the innersole into the heel outside of the shank piece, an additional fas tenor extending through registering apertures in the innersole and shank piece and into the heel, the last-named fastener filling the aperture in the shank piece to hold the shank piece and the fastener against relative movement lengthwise of the shank piece, and a plurality of nails extending through the shoe bottom and into the heel in locations spaced outwardly from the edge of the shank piece. 7

9. In a double-soled shoe having lastedover upper margins between the soles, a composite shank piece located between the soles and within the space between the lasted-over upper margins, said shank piece comprising,

a narrow stiffener strip and a filler member, said stiffener strip being longitudinally arched and having a fastener-receiving hole in its rear portion located above the attaching face of the heel of the shoe, and said filler member being coextensive with the stiffener strip and having a fastener-receiving hole registering with the hole in the stiffener strip, and heel-attaching fastener extending through and tightly fitting within the holes strip having an enlarged rear portion provided with a hole, and said filler piece having a hole registering with the hole in said strip, and having a marginal cont-our adapted to fit between the upper materials along the opposite margins of the shank portion of the shoe bottom, a heel-attaching fastener extending through and fitting snugly within both saidholes rigidly to anchor said strip to the heel of the shoe, and a plurality of heel-attaching nails extending through the shoe bottom and spaced outwardly from the edge of said strip.

11 That improvement in methods of making shoes having innersoles which consists in assembling between the inner and outer soles a shank piece having a hole in its rear portion, positioning a heel upon the shoe, driving through both soles and through the hole in the shank piece and into the heel a screw of a size to fit tightly within the hole 1n the shank piece to secure rigidly together the heel and the shank piece and both soles of the shoe and thus to brace the heel and stiffen the shank portion of the shoe, and driving a plurality of heel-attaching nails through said soles outside of the shank piece.

12. That improvement in methods of making shoes which consists in placing against the outer side of the innersole of a shoe a shank piece having a fastener-receiving hole in its rear portion and positioning the shank piece so that the hole will be located above the attaching face of a heel to be attached to the shoe, inserting a locating peg through registering holes in the shank stiffener and the innersole to maintain said parts temporarily in place, clamping a wood heel to the shoe, removin the locating peg, and passing a fastener through said registering holes and through the outsole and into the heel to fasten the heel rigidly and permanently to the shoe.

13. That improvement in methods of making shoes of the type wherein a shank piece extends rearwardly above the heel and has a heel-fastener-receiving hole formed therein, which consists in assemblingan insole and an upper,,boring a hole through the heel portion of the insole, laying a shank piece against the outer face of the insole, inserting a locating device in the holes in the shank piece and insole to positionand maintain said heel on the shoe, removing the locating del parts with said holes in registration, laying an outsole and attaching 1ts forepart and shank portions to the upper, positlonlng a vice, boring holes through the'outsole and into the heel in alinementwith the holes in,

the insole and shank piece, and passing a fastener through the holes in the lnsole, shank piece, outsole and heel. to anchor the shank piece and permanently attach the heel to the shoe.

it. That improvement in methods of making shoes of the type wherein a shank piece extends rearwardly above the heel and has a heel-fastener-receiving hole formed therein, which consists in assembling an insole and an upper, boring a hole through the heel portion of the insole, laying a shank piece against the outer face of the insole, inserting a locating peg in the holes in the shank piece and insole to positlon and malntam said parts with sa d holes 1n reglstration, at-

' taching an outsole, positioning a heel on the shoe, drilling downwardly through the holes l in the insole and shank piece to remove the locating peg and to bore holes through the outsole and into the heel, and passing a fastener through all of said holes to anchor the shank piece to the heel and permanently \to attach the heel to the shoe.

15. That improvement in methods of making shoes of the type wherein a shank piece extends rearwardly above the heel and has a heel-fastener-receiving hole formed therein, which consists m assembling an lnsole and an upper on a last having a hole extending therethrough from its cone to its heelseat surface, boring a hole in the insole through the hole in the last, laying ashank piece upon the insole, passing a locating member through the hole in the shank piece and into the hole in the last to position the shank piece in a predetermined relation to the insole, laying an outsole, positioning a heel upon the shoe, removing the locating member through thehole in the last, pulling the last, and passing a fastener through the hole inthe insole and the hole in the shank piece and through the outsole and into the heel to anchor the shank piece and attach the heel to the shoe.

16. That improvement in methods of making shoes of the type wherein a shank piece extends rearwardly above the heel and has a heel-fastener-receiving hole formed therein, which consists in tacking an insole to a last having ahole extending therethrough from its cone to itsheel-seat surface, lasting an upper over the insole, boring a hole in the insole through the hole in the last,laying a shank piece upon the outer face of the insole, passinga locating peg through the hole in the shank piece and through thehole in the insole and into the hole in the last toposition and maintain the shank piece, insole ing and leveling an outsole,fpositioning a heel upon the shoe, operating a drill through the holes in the last, insole and shank piece to bore out the locating peg and to bore a hole through the outsole and into the heel, pulling the last, and inserting a wood 1 screw through the holes in the insole, shankpiece and outsole and into the hole in theheel to anchor the shank piece and attach the heel to the shoe. i if 17. That improvement in methods of making shoes of the type having incorporated thereina combination shank stiffener and heel, brace provided with a heel-fastener-receiving hole, which consists in assembling an insole and an upper, boring a hole through the heel portion of theinsole, laying a shank stiffener against the outer face of the insole, lnsertlng a locating device in the holes in the shank stiffenerand insole to position and maintain said parts with saidholes in registration, laying an outsole, positioning a heel on the shoe, removing said locating device, and passing a fastener through the holes in the insole and shank stiffener and through the outsole and into the heel to anchor the shank stiffener and permanently to attach and brace the heel.

1 18. That improvement in methods of ingshoes having inner soles which consists in placing a metal shank stiffener against the makhe registering holes in the innersole, the

metal shank stiffener, and the outersole, and inserting the fastener into a socket in the heel rigidly and permanently to maintain the parts in position.

19. That improvement in methods of making shoes of the type wherein a shank piece extends rearwardly above the heel and has a heel-fastener-receiving hole formedtherein which consists in assembling an insole and an upper, boring a hole through the heel portion of the insole, positioning a shank piece against the outer face of the insole with the hole in the shank piece in substantially coaxial relation to the hole in the insole and securing the shank piece tothe insole, attaching an outsole and clamping a heel to the shoe, and thereafter passing a fastener through theholes in the insole and shank piece and through the outsole and into the heel to anchor the shank piece and permanently attach the heel to the shoe.

20. That improvement in methods of making shoes of the type wherein a shank piece extends rearwardly above the heel and has a heel-fastener-receiving hole formed therein which consists in positioning an insole upon the bottom of a last having a hole extending through the last from its cone to itsheel seat surface, lasting an upper and securing the upper to the insole, passing a boring tool through the hole in the last and operating the tool to bore a hole in the insole, positioning a shank piece upon the insole with the hole in the shank piece in substantially coaxial relation to the hole in the insole, attaching an outsole and clamping a heel to the shoe, passing a boring tool through the holes in the last, insole and shank piece and operating the tool to bore a hole through the outsole and into the heel, withdrawing the boring tool, passing a screw fastener through the hole in the last and through the holes in the insole, shank piece and outsole and into the heel temporarily to secure said parts together, withdrawing said screw fastener, pulling the last and passing a wood screw through the holes in the insole, shank piece'and outsole and into the hole in the heel, and driving the screw into holding engagement with the heel permanently to secure the heel to the shoe.

21. That improvement in methods of making shoes which consists in assembling together an insole, an upper, and a shank piece having a l1eel-fastenerreceiving hole therein and introducing removable means into the hole in the shank piece for locating the shank piece relatively to the insole, laying an outsole, and subsequently removing said locating means and attaching aheel by a fastener extending through the soles and through the hole in the shank piece.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

FREDERICK C. AYLING. 

